Lateral patellar luxation is a fairly common orthopedic issue in dogs. So how do you diagnose and treat it?
Lateral Patellar Luxation (LPL) is a common orthopedic condition in dogs, particularly affecting small and toy breeds. This condition occurs when the patella, or kneecap, slips out of its normal position on the lateral (outer) side of the leg. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options is crucial for pet owners to ensure their furry friends lead comfortable, active lives.
What is Lateral Patellar Luxation (LPL)?
The patella is a small bone located at the front of the knee joint, which normally sits in a groove at the end of the femur (thigh bone). In dogs with LPL, the patella dislocates from this groove, moving towards the outside of the leg. This displacement can be due to congenital deformities or trauma. Over time, this misalignment can lead to joint instability, pain, and reduced mobility.
Causes of LPL in Dogs
LPL is often congenital, meaning it is present at birth, though it may not be noticeable until the dog grows older. Several factors can contribute to LPL, including:
- Genetic predisposition: Certain breeds like Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, and Chihuahuas are more susceptible.
- Malformation of the bones: Abnormal bone development can lead to improper alignment of the patella.
- Trauma: Injury to the knee joint can cause or exacerbate LPL.
Symptoms of LPL
The severity of symptoms in dogs with LPL can vary, depending on the grade of the luxation, which ranges from I (mild) to IV (severe). Common signs include:
- Intermittent limping: Dogs may occasionally skip or hold up their leg.
- Hopping gait: They may exhibit a bunny-hopping motion when running.
- Difficulty standing or walking: This is especially apparent after rest.
- Pain and discomfort: Dogs may lick or chew at the knee, indicating discomfort.
Diagnosing LPL
A veterinarian will diagnose LPL through a combination of physical examination and imaging techniques such as X-rays. The vet will assess the dog’s gait, knee joint stability, and the extent of the patellar luxation.
Treatment Options for LPL
Treatment for LPL depends on the severity of the condition. Options range from conservative management to surgical intervention.
Conservative Management
For mild cases (Grade I and II), non-surgical options may be sufficient. These include:
- Weight management: Keeping the dog at a healthy weight reduces stress on the joints.
- Physical therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the knee can help stabilize the joint.
- Pain relief: Anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce pain and swelling.
Surgical Intervention
For more severe cases (Grade III and IV), surgery may be necessary to correct the alignment of the patella. Surgical options include:
- Lateral imbrication: Tightening the joint capsule on the lateral side to keep the patella in place.
- Trochleoplasty: Deepening the groove in the femur where the patella sits.
- Tibial tuberosity transposition: Repositioning the attachment point of the patellar ligament to realign the knee.
Post-Surgical Care and Recovery
Recovery from LPL surgery involves rest and limited activity, followed by gradual reintroduction of exercise. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore mobility and strengthen the joint. Regular follow-ups with the veterinarian are essential to monitor the dog’s progress and ensure successful healing.
Preventing LPL
While some risk factors for LPL, like genetics, cannot be controlled, maintaining a healthy weight and providing a balanced diet can help prevent undue stress on the joints. Regular exercise tailored to your dog’s breed and size can also promote joint health.
Trust Maryland Veterinary Surgical Services With Your Companion’s Health
Your companion’s health is important, and the team at MVSS is ready to provide the best care possible for your furry family. We are dedicated to combining comprehensive exams and assessments with informative and honest discussions of your companion’s care. Once we have worked with you to decide on the best course of action for your dog, our professionals will use their surgical expertise to work towards the goal of giving your companion an active and pain-free life. We are proud to serve loyal companions in Catonsville and Baltimore. To learn more about our services, give us a call at 410-788-4088 or visit us online. For more information and tips for dog health, follow us on Facebook and Pinterest.